After contemplating the many lovingkindnesses of the LORD about which the Psalmist wrote in the previous Psalm (Psalm 107:43), the heart has come to rest (Psalm 108:1). His "heart is fixed/established", it is ready, it is able to sing, yes, sing praises to the glory of God. The glory ("my glory") he has received from God as king over His people is not to his own glory, but is to the glory of God. It is the response to the exhortation in Psalm 107 to praise the LORD because of His lovingkindness and faithfulness. He proceeds to do so with a song of praise (v. 3) accompanied by harp and lyre (v. 2).
This psalm is composed of the end of Psalm 57 (Psalm 108:1-5; Psalm 57:7-11) and the end of Psalm 60 (Psalm 108:6-13; Psalm 60:5-12). The fact that the two parts are brought together here in one psalm means that there is a connection between the two parts. The first part is a song of praise to God for His lovingkindness and faithfulness (108:4). In the second part, we hear God's response to it, which He gives in His sanctuary. He declares His dominion over all nations, a right He will claim through His people (v. 108:13). The result is that His glory will be above all the earth, which the remnant, His beloved, have asked for (108:5-6).
A Song or Psalm of David. O God, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with my glory.
Psalms 108:2
Awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early.
Psalms 108:3
I will praise thee, O LORD, among the people: and I will sing praises unto thee among the nations.
Psalms 108:4
For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth unto the clouds.
Psalms 108:5
Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth;
Psalms 108:6
That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and answer me.
Psalms 108:7
God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth.
Psalms 108:8
Gilead is mine; Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver;
Psalms 108:9
Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe; over Philistia will I triumph.
Psalms 108:10
Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom?
Psalms 108:11
Wilt not thou, O God, who hast cast us off? and wilt not thou, O God, go forth with our hosts?
Psalms 108:12
Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man.
Psalms 108:13
Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies.
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After the return from exile described in the previous psalm, the remnant will multiply greatly (Isaiah 49:19-21; Ezekiel 36:37-38). The distress in which the remnant has been in the great tribulation will be answered by the LORD by giving Israel the full inheritance as He promised it to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21). Psalm 108:7-9 in this psalm describe the expansion of Israel’s borders to the river Euphrates to accommodate this population growth.
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